Ibikurikira: Australiya yegereye gute urumogi?

Haraheze imyaka icumi kuva imyidagaduro yo kunywa urumogi yemerwa nigihugu kimwe.Umuntu wese ukeka ko ari irihe shyanga ryari?Niba wavuze 'Urugauy', tanga amanota icumi.

Mu myaka iri hagati ya Perezida Jose Mujicayatangiye igihugu cye 'igeragezwa rikomeye', ibindi bihugu bitandatu byinjiye muri Uruguay, harimo na Kanada,Tayilande, Mexico, na Afurika y'Epfo.Intara nyinshi zo muri Amerika nazo zakoze kimwe mugihe ahantu nka Hollande na Porutugali byoroheje cyane amategeko ya décriminalisation.

Muri Ositaraliya, turi inyuma gato.Nubwo hari igitekerezo gikunze kugaragara haba muri leta ndetse nintara ndetse no kurwego rwa federasiyo yerekeye kwemeza ikoreshwa ry’imyidagaduro y’urumogi, ububasha bumwe gusa ni bwo bwabikoze.Ibisigaye bicara muburyo bugoye buvanze ahantu h'imvi no kudahuza.

Twizeye guhindura ibyo byose ni - ninde wundi -Ishyaka ryemewe n'amategeko.Ku wa kabiri, binjije imishinga y'amategeko atatu mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya New South Wales, Victoria, na Ositaraliya y'Uburengerazuba.

Amategeko yabo, aramutse yemejwe, yemerera abantu bakuru gukura kugeza ku bimera bitandatu, gutunga no gukoresha urumogi mu ngo zabo, ndetse bakanaha inshuti zabo bimwe mu bicuruzwa byabo.

Kuvugana na Latch, umukandida w’ishyaka Tom Forrest yavuze ko impinduka zigamije “gukoresha umuntu ku giti cye no gukuraho icyaha cy’urumogi.”

Kwimuka chimes hamwe namategeko yabanjirije, yatanzwe kurwego rwa federasiyo, na Green.Muri Gicurasi, Icyatsiyatangaje umushinga w'itegekoibyo byashiraho Ikigo cyigihugu cya Cannabis Australiya (CANA).Ikigo cyemerera uruhushya rwo gukura, kugurisha, gutumiza mu mahanga, no kohereza mu mahanga urumogi, ndetse no gukora kafe z'urumogi.

Ati: “Abashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko bakoresha amamiliyaridi y'amadolari ya Leta bananiwe kunywa urumogi rwa polisi, kandi amahirwe hano ni uguhindura byose ku mutwe mu kubyemeza.”Senateri wa Greenens, David Shoebridge, icyo gihe yabivuze.

Greens yakoresheje amakuru ya komisiyo ishinzwe ubutasi mu gihugu cya Ositaraliya kugira ngo yerekane ko Ositaraliya ishobora kwinjiza miliyari 2.8 z'amadolari ku mwaka mu kwinjiza imisoro no kuzigama mu gihe urumogi rwemewe.

Ibi nibirango cyane kubirori, aribyoakenshi kugira amategeko nk'aya yarasiwe mu nteko ishinga amategeko.Ariko, n'abasobanuzi b'ibitekerezo nka Sky News 'Paul Murraybavuze ko bashobora gusoma ibyanditswe kurukutabijyanye n'icyerekezo cy'iki kiganiro mpaka.

Amatora ya vuba yaKwemeza Ishyaka ry'urumogiMurray avuga ko abadepite muri Victoria na NSW, ndetse no gukomeza gutsinda kw'abadepite ba Greens, byatumye amategeko y'urumogi avugururwa ariko byanze bikunze.Urwego rwa leta ruheruka gusunikwa na Legalize Urumogi rukomeza gusa iyi ngingo.

Ibyo bivuzwe, byanze bikunze kwemererwa urumogi byavuzwe n’umuco wo kurwanya itabi w’inkono yo mu myaka ya za 1960 na 70.Nta n'imwe mu mashyaka yavuzwe haruguru afite imbaraga zikomeye muri politiki, kandi kwemererwa n'amategeko bizasaba uruhushya rw'umurimo.

None, ni bangahe kure yemewe muri Australiya?Nibihe bishoboka ko iyi fagitire iheruka gutorwa?Kandi ni ryari igihugu gishobora kwemeza ibyatsi?Dore ibyo ukeneye kumenya.

Urumogi rwemewe muri Ositaraliya?

Muri rusange, oya - ariko biterwa nicyo ushaka kuvuga 'byemewe'.

Urumogibyemewe muri Ositaraliya kuva mu 2016. Uyu muti urashobora kwandikwa muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ibibazo byinshi by’ubuzima.Mubyukuri, biroroshye cyane kubona urumogi rwimiti muri Ositaraliyaabahanga bagiye baburiradushobora kuba twarahindutse gato muburyo bwacu.

Kubijyanye no kudakoresha imiti itari imiti, ni itandukaniro ridasobanutse gushushanya,gusa Umurwa mukuru wa Australiya warawuciye urubanza.Niba nta nyandiko yandikiwe, urashobora gutwara 50gs z'urumogi muri ACT kandi ntushinjwe icyaha.Nyamara, urumogi ntirushobora kugurishwa, gusangira, cyangwa kunywa itabi kumugaragaro.

Mu zindi ntara zose,gutunga urumogi utabanje kwandikirwa bihanishwa igihano ntarengwa cy'amadorari magana y'amadorari kandi kugeza ku myaka itatu y'igifungo, ukurikije aho wafatiwe.

Ibyo bivuzwe, leta n’intara nyinshi zikoresha uburyo bwo gukangurira abantu ku bushake abantu basanze bafite ibiyobyabwenge bike kandi ntibishoboka rwose ko umuntu uwo ari we wese aregwa icyaha cya mbere.

Byongeye kandi, urumogi rufatwa nk'icyaha mu bice bimwe na bimwe byoroheje.Muri NT na SA, igihano ntarengwa cyo gutunga umuntu ni ihazabu.

Kubwibyo, nubwo bitemewe, gutunga urumogi byoroshye ntabwo bishoboka kubona umuntu wahamwe nicyaha muri Ositaraliya.

Ni ryari Urumogi ruzaba rwemewe muri Ositaraliya?

Iki nikibazo cya miliyari 2.8 z'amadorali.Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, gukoresha imyidagaduro y’urumogi byemewe (ubwoko) byemewe muri Ositaraliya, nubwo mu gace gato cyane k’igihugu.

Ku rwego rwa federasiyo, gutunga urumogi ntibyemewe.Gutunga ubwinshi bwurumogi bitwara imyaka ibiri ntarengwa.

Ariko, ubusanzwe abapolisi ba federasiyo bakemura ibibazo byo gutumiza no kohereza hanze.Amategeko ya federasiyo ntacyo agira ku bikorwa bya leta n’intara iyo bigeze ku rumogi,nkuko byavumbuwe mubikorwamugihe amategeko ya ACT yavuguruzanya namategeko ya federasiyo.Nkibyo, hafi yimanza zose zo gutunga zikemurwa ninzego zubutegetsi nintara.

Noneho, dore uburyo buri bubasha buri hafi yo kwemeza urumogi.

Urumogi rwemewe n'amategeko NSW

Kwemeza urumogi byasaga nkaho bidashoboka nyuma y’amatora aherutse gutorwa n’ishyaka ry’abakozi rya NSW hamwe n’uwahoze ari umuvugizi w’amategeko Chris Minns.

Muri 2019, Minisitiri w'intebe, Minns,yatanze disikuru ivuga ko ibiyobyabwenge byemewe n'amategeko, avuga ko byari gutuma “umutekano, imbaraga nke, ndetse n'ubugizi bwa nabi buke.”

Ariko, nyuma yo kugera ku butegetsi muri Werurwe,Minns yasubiye inyuma kuri uwo mwanya.Yavuze ko uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona urumogi rw’imiti byatumye amategeko ataba ngombwa.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, Minns yahamagariye 'inama y’ibiyobyabwenge', ihuza impuguke kugira ngo zisuzume amategeko ariho.Ntaravuga igihe cyangwa aho ibi bizabera.

Birumvikana ko NSW ari imwe muri leta zemewe n'amategeko Urumogi rwashyizeho amategeko yabo.Muri icyo gihe, nyuma yo gukubitwa inyuma umwaka ushize,Greens nayo irimo kwitegura kongera gushyiraho amategekoibyo byemewe n'amategeko urumogi.

Minns ntaragira icyo atangaza kuri uyu mushinga w'itegeko, ariko, Jeremy Buckingham, Kwemeza Urumogi Umudepite wa NSW,yavuze ko yemera ko impinduka muri guverinoma zizagira impinduka nini.

Ati: "Ntekereza ko bakira cyane kurusha guverinoma yahozeho".

Ati: "Mu byukuri dufite ugutwi kwa guverinoma, niba basubiza cyangwa badasubiza mu buryo bufite ireme, tuzareba".

Icyemezo: Birashoboka ko byemewe mumyaka 3-4.

Urumogi rwemewe n'amategeko VIC

Victoria irashobora kuba hafi yo kwemerwa kuruta NSW.

Umunani muri 11 banyamuryango ba crossbench bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Victorian bashyigikiye ko urumogi rwemewe.Umurimo ukeneye inkunga yabo kugirango batore amategeko, kandihari igitekerezo nyacyo cyerekana ko impinduka zishobora guhatirwa muri iri jambo.

Ibyo bivuzwe, nubwo Inteko ishinga amategeko 'nshya', Minisitiri w’intebe Dan Andrews yamaze igihe kinini asubiza inyuma ivugurura ry’ibiyobyabwenge, cyane cyane urumogi.

Ati: "Nta gahunda dufite muri iki gihe yo kubikora, kandi iyo ni yo myanya yacu ihamye."Andrews yavuze umwaka ushize.

Bivugwa ko nubwo, hashobora kubaho inkunga yihariye yo guhinduka kuruta Minisitiri arekura kumugaragaro.

Muri Werurwe, ubwumvikane bw’amashyaka bwumvikanyweho, butwarwa n’abadepite bombi bashya bemewe n’urumogi, kugezakuvugurura amategeko yo gutwara ibiyobyabwenge bijyanye n’abarwayi b’urumogi.Umushinga w'itegeko rishya, rizemerera abantu banditse ibiyobyabwenge kwirinda ibihano byo gutwara ibinyabiziga by'urumogi biri muri sisitemu yabo, bizashyirwaho kandi biteganijwe ko bizatorwa vuba.

Andereya ubweariko yavuzentabwo yahinduye ku ngingo.Ku bijyanye n’umushinga w’urumogi rwemewe, Andrews yavuze ko “Umwanya wanjye ari amategeko nk'uko bimeze ubu”.

Nubwo yongeyeho ko yiteguye guhindura amategeko agenga ibinyabiziga, “ibirenze ibyo,” ntabwo agiye kugira icyo atangaza.

Ibi bivuzwe, bivugwa ko Andrews atangaza ko yeguye vuba.Umusimbuye ashobora kuba yuguruye guhinduka.

Icyemezo: Birashoboka ko byemewe mumyaka 2-3

Urumogi rwemewe n'amategeko QLD

Queensland irimo guhura nimpinduka zizwi mubijyanye nibiyobyabwenge.Rimwe muri leta zifite ibihano bikaze byo gukoresha,amategeko arimo gusuzumwaibyo byabona gutunga umuntu wese, ndetse no kubiyobyabwenge nka ice na heroine, bivurwa nubufasha bwumwuga, aho kubyemeza.

Ariko, kubijyanye nurumogi rwo kwidagadura, iterambere ntirisa nkaho riza.Gahunda yo gukwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge kuri ubu ikorera gusa urumogi, leta ikaba ishaka kwaguka, kandi nta yandi mahoro afite kuri uyu muti by'umwihariko.

Harebye ko hari iterambere ryumwaka ushize iyoAbakozi ba Queensland batoye mu nama yabo ya leta kugira ngo bakurikirane ivugurura rya politiki y’ibiyobyabwenge, harimo no kunywa urumogi.Icyakora, abayobozi b'ishyaka basubije bavuga ko nta gahunda bahita babikora.

Umuvugizi yagize ati: "Guverinoma ya Palaszczuk yiyemeje gushakisha uburyo twatezimbere inzego z’ubutabera mpanabyaha kugira ngo dutange ibisubizo byinshi ku bisubizo ku byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu no kureba ko ubwo buryo bushyira ingufu mu nkiko n’amagereza ku bibazo bikomeye cyane". kubera umushinjacyaha mukuru w'agateganyo Meaghan Scanlonyabwiye AAP muri Mutarama, ukwezi kumwe mbere yuko guverinoma itangaza politiki yo kuvugurura ibiyobyabwenge.

Nkibyo, hamwe na politiki igenda itera imbere bimaze gukorwa, byaba byiza twibwiye ko kwemeza urumogi bitazaba biri hejuru kuri gahunda mugihe runaka.

Icyemezo: Nibura gutegereza imyaka itanu.

Urumogi rwemewe n'amategeko TAS

Tasmania ni iyishimishije kuko bombi ari guverinoma yonyine iyobowe na Coalition mu ntara yose kandi nububasha bwonyine budahana abarwayi b’urumogi rw’imiti kubera gutwara imodoka hamwe n’imiti y’imiti yabugenewe muri sisitemu yabo.

Ikirwa cya Apple, kimwe na Queensland,yungukiye byinshi mu nganda z’urumogi, hamwe nabaproducer benshi bafungura iduka hano.Nkibyo, wagira ngo guverinoma byibuze yagirira impuhwe impaka zamafaranga.

Abenegihugu kimwe nimwe mubishyigikira cyane igihingwa, hamweamakuru yanyuma yubushakashatsi bwigihugukwerekana ko Tassie afite umubare munini wabantu badatekereza ko kunywa urumogi byakagombye kuba icyaha.83.2% by'Abasimani bafite iki gitekerezo, hejuru ya 5.3% ugereranije n'ikigereranyo cy'igihugu.

Nubwo, nubwo abaturage n’inganda bashyigikiwe, ubushize iyi mpaka zakozwe, leta ya leta yanze yivuye inyuma gutekereza kuri iki gitekerezo.

Ati: “Guverinoma yacu yashyigikiye ikoreshwa ry'urumogi mu buvuzi kandi rushyiraho gahunda yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kugera ku buryo bworoshye.Icyakora, ntabwo dushyigikiye gukoresha urumogi cyangwa imyidagaduro mu buryo butemewe ”, umuvugizi wa guverinomayavuze umwaka ushize.

Ihuriro ry'Abavoka bo muri Ositaraliyayateguye amategeko azahana icyaha cyo gukoresha urumogi muri 2021bikaba byaranze na guverinoma.

Kugeza ubu, guverinoma ya Tasmaniya nikwitegura gusohora gahunda yayo yimyaka 5 igezweho yo gufata ingamba, ariko ntabwo bisa nkaho bishoboka ko urumogi rwemewe ruzaba ruhari.

Icyemezo: Nibura gutegereza imyaka ine (Keretse niba David Walsh hari icyo abivugaho)

Urumogi rwemewe n'amategeko SA

Australiya yepfo irashobora kuba leta yambere yemeye gukoresha urumogi.N'ubundi kandi, SA ni yo ya mbere yamaganye ikoreshwa ryayo mu 1987.

Kuva icyo gihe, amategeko yerekeye ibiyobyabwenge yagiye ahungabana mu bihe bitandukanye byo guhashya leta.Vuba aha muri byoicyifuzo cya 2018 cyatanzwe na guverinoma yicyo gihe cy’ubumwe cyo kuzamura urumogi kurwego rumwe n’ibindi biyobyabwenge bitemewe, harimo amande aremereye nigihe cyo gufungwa.Uku gusunika kwamaze ibyumweru bitatu mbere yuko umushinjacyaha mukuru wa SA, Vickie Chapman, asubira inyuma nyuma yo gushinyagurira rubanda.

Ariko, umwaka ushize, guverinoma nshya ishinzwe umurimo yagenzuyeimpinduka zatuma abantu bafatwa nibiyobyabwenge muri sisitemu yabo bahita babura uruhushya.Iri tegeko ryatangiye gukurikizwa muri Gashyantare, ntirishobora gukuraho abarwayi b'urumogi.

Nubwo igihano cyo gutunga urumogi ahanini ari ihazabu yoroheje, Icyatsikuva kera basunikira guhindura SA inzu "ibiryo byiza, vino, nicyatsi.”SA Greens MLC Tammy Franksyashyizeho amategeko umwaka ushizeibyo byakora gusa, kandi fagitire irategereje gusomwa.

Niba irenganye, twashoboraga kubona urumogi rwemewe muri Ositaraliya yepfo mumyaka mike iri imbere.Ariko ibyo ni binini 'niba', byatanzweamateka ya Minisitiri wintebe yubugizi bwa nabi budasobanutseiyo ari urumogi.

Icyemezo: Noneho cyangwa nta na rimwe.

Urumogi rwemewe n'amategeko WA

Uburengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya bwakurikiranye inzira ishimishije iyo ari urumogi.Amategeko agereranijwe ya leta agereranya itandukaniro rishimishije nabaturanyi bayo bagiye muburyo bunyuranye.

Mu 2004, WA yamaganye ikoreshwa ry’urumogi ku giti cye.Ariko,icyo cyemezo cyahinduwe na Premier Liberal Colin Barnett mu 2011gukurikira ubukangurambaga bukomeye bwa politiki ya Coalition kurwanya impinduka amaherezo batsinze.

Kuva icyo gihe abashakashatsi bavuze ko guhindura amategeko bitagize ingaruka ku ikoreshwa rusange ry’ibiyobyabwenge, gusa umubare w’abantu boherejwe muri gereza kubera.

Minisitiri w’intebe umaze igihe kinini, Mark McGowan, yasubije inyuma igitekerezo cyo kongera guhana cyangwa kwemeza urumogi kugira ngo rukoreshe imyidagaduro.

Ati: "Kugira urumogi ruboneka ku buntu ntabwo ari politiki yacu."yabwiye radiyo ABC umwaka ushize.

Ati: "Twemerera urumogi ruvura abantu barwaye rubagimpande cyangwa kanseri cyangwa ibintu bitandukanye.Iyo ni yo politiki muri iki gihe. ”

Ariko, McGowan yeguye ku ntangiriro za Kamena, hamwe naUmuyobozi wungirije Roger Cook asimbuye.

Guteka birashobora kuba bifunguye urumogi kuruta McGowan.Umunyamakuru mukuru wa Ositaraliya y'Uburengerazuba Ben Harveybyasuzumweko uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe "atazigera" yemerera urumogi kuko "bishoboka ko yari umuswa munini nigeze mbona."

Harvey yagize ati: "Mark McGowan avuga ko atigeze anywa itabi kandi - bitandukanye n'igihe Bill Clinton yabihakanye - ndamwemera".Byatinze.

Ibinyuranye,Cook yabanje kwiyemerera gukoresha urumogi nkumunyeshuri.Muri 2019, Cook yavuze ko "yagerageje" urumogi ariko icyo gihe akavuga ati: "Nkurikije guverinoma ishinzwe umurimo muri McGowan, ntabwo nshigikiye ko hacibwa urumogi kugira ngo rukoreshe imyidagaduro, kandi ibyo ntibizigera bibaho muri iyi Guverinoma."

Noneho ko ari guverinoma ye, bigaragara ko atahinduye tack.WA Minisitiri wungirije wungirije Rita Saffiotiyasubije ku mushinga w'itegeko ryemewe n'amategekonukuvuga ko guverinoma ye idashyigikiye igitekerezo.

Ati: “Ntabwo dufite inshingano kuri yo.Ntabwo cyari ikintu twajyanye mu matora.Ntabwo rero tuzashyigikira uwo mushinga w'itegeko ”, Saffioti.

Harvey yavuze ko guverinoma ishinzwe umurimo idashaka gusubiramo amakosa yo mu bihe byashize, guta igihe ku kibazo babona ko ari gito kandi kidafite akamaro.

Ati: “[McGowan] yari umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko mu 2002, bwari bwo duheruka kumanuka mu nzira yo guca urumogi - kandi byatesheje umutwe leta ya Geoff Gallop imyaka ibiri.”

Ati: "Imirimo yatwitse imari shingiro ya politiki kugira ngo agatsiko k'amabuye gashobore kunwa imishino idafite umugabo mu mugongo."

Hamwe n’ubugenzuzi bw’amazu yombi, bisa nkaho bidashoboka ko n'abadepite bombi bemewe n’urumogi bazabona amategeko.

Depite Dr Brian Walker yagize ati: "Ndatekereza ko byaba ari Minisitiri w’intwari wafata iki cyemezo gikomeye kuko mu byukuri ari ugusenya ibintu bishya."

Ikigaragara ni uko igishya kidatinyutse bihagije.

Icyemezo: Iyo ikuzimu hakonje.

Urumogi rwemewe n'amategeko NT

Ntabwo habaye ibiganiro byinshi bijyanye no kwemeza urumogi mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru, hamwe no kumva ko amategeko ariho akora neza bihagije.Igihe cyose ufashe munsi ya 50gs y'urumogi muri NT, uzarekurwa hamwe nihazabu.

Intarabivugwabamwe mu bakoresha urumogi kandi, nkurikije imibare y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku rwego rw’igihugu, bashyigikiwe cyane n’amategeko.46.3% bemeza ko bigomba kuba byemewe, 5.2% hejuru yikigereranyo cyigihugu.

Icyakora, guverinoma ishinzwe umurimo iriho, iri ku butegetsi kuva mu 2016, bigaragara ko idafite gahunda yo guhindura amategeko.Mu gusubiza icyifuzo cya 2019 cyatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abakoresha urumogi rwa NT, Minisitiri w’ubuzima n’umushinjacyaha mukuru Natasha Fyles bavuze ko “nta gahunda yo kwemerera urumogi gukoresha imyidagaduro”.

Kuva Fyles yatangira kuba Minisitiri w’intebe muri Gicurasi umwaka ushize, yabayekurwanya imyumvire ikomeje ya Alice Springs nkibibanza byabagizi ba nabi.Igitekerezo cyo guteza imbere politiki igaragara nk '' ubugizi bwa nabi ku bugizi bwa nabi 'gishobora kuba kwiyahura.

Ibi biteye isoni, byatanzweIsesengura rya ABC ryerekanyeko kwemererwa urumogi bishobora kwerekana ubukerarugendo muri kariya gace, bikazana amamiriyoni y’amadolari mu karere gakeneye inkunga.